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1.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 51(8): e20200547, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249555

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, humane slaughter regulation is in use since 2000; however it is not applied to fish. This paper studied parameters for electrical stunning using direct current waveform in South American catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and its subsequent effects on muscular pH and rigor mortis. Seventy fish were allocated into two groups. In group 125, fish were stunned using 125 Volts (V), 30 Hz, duty cycle of 90% and 1.3 Amp (A) applied for 30 s; in group 400, fish were stunned with 400 V, 30 Hz, duty cycle of 27%, 0.9 A, for 30 s. Unconsciousness time was determined through behavioural assessment. After slaughter, ten fish from each group were refrigerated for both measurements muscular pH and rigor mortis index (RMI) at 0, 3, 6, 24, 72 and 120 h. In 125, 14.4% (5/35) of fish were not effectively stunned, in contrast with 400 in which 100% of fish (35/35) were effectively stunned. The unconsciousness duration was higher in 400 group (87.7±16.1 s) in contrast with group 125 (66.6 ± 16.1 s). Until 6 h post mortem ninety percent of fish reached maximum rigor mortis (RMI=100%).


RESUMO: No Brasil, a normativa de abate humanitário está em vigência desde 2000, no entanto tal norma não contempla peixes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os parâmetros para insensibilização elétrica em Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) e seus efeitos sobre o pH muscular e o rigor mortis. Setenta peixes foram alocados em dois grupos. No grupo 125, os peixes foram insensibilizados usando 125 Volts (V), 30 Hz, duty cycle of 90% e 1.3 Amp (A) durante 30 s; no grupo 400, os peixes foram insensibilizados com 400 V, 30 Hz, duty cycle of 27%, 0.9 A, durante 30 s. O tempo de inconsciência foi determinado por avaliação comportamental. Após o abate, 10 peixes de cada grupo foram refrigerados para mensurações de pH muscular e o índice rigor mortis (RMI) às 0, 3, 6, 24, 72 e 120 h. No grupo 125, 14.4% (5/35) dos peixes não foram efetivamente insensibilizados, em contraste com o grupo 400, em que 100% dos peixes (35/35) foram efetivamente insensibilizados. A duração da inconsciência foi significativamente maior no tratamento 400, igual a 87.7 ± 16.1 s em relação aos 66.6 ± 16.1 s no 125. Noventa por cento dos peixes atingiram o máximo rigor mortis (RMI=100%) dentro das 6 h pós-abate. A insensibilização elétrica em Jundiá parece ser possível usando parâmetros do grupo 400, devido à duração de inconsciência maior que 60 s.

2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(6): 631-634, nov.-Dec. 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057483

ABSTRACT

Abstract Loss of consciousness during spinal anesthesia is a rare but scary complication. This complication is generally related to severe hypotension and bradycardia, but in this case, the loss of consciousness occurred in a hemodynamically stable parturient patient. We present a 31 years-old patient who underwent an emergency cesarean section. She lost consciousness and had apnea that started 10 minutes after successful spinal anesthesia and repeated three times for a total of 25 minutes, despite the stable hemodynamics of the patient. The case was considered a subdural block, and the patient was provided with respiratory support. The subdural block is expected to start slowly (approximately 15-20 minutes), but in this case, after about 10 minutes of receiving anesthesia, the patient suddenly had a loss of consciousness. After the recovery of consciousness and return of spontaneous respiration, the level of a sensory block of the patient, who was cooperative and oriented, was T4. There were motor blocks in both lower extremities. Four hours after intrathecal injection, both the sensory and motor blocks ended, and she was discharged two days later with no complications. Hence, patients who receive spinal anesthesia should be closely observed for any such undesirable complications.


Resumo A perda de consciência durante a raquianestesia é uma complicação rara, mas assustadora. Essa complicação geralmente está relacionada à grave hipotensão e bradicardia, mas, neste caso, a perda de consciência ocorreu em uma paciente parturiente hemodinamicamente estável. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 31 anos, submetida a uma cesariana de emergência. A paciente perdeu a consciência e apresentou apneia que teve início 10 minutos após a raquianestesia bem-sucedida e repetiu o episódio três vezes por 25 minutos, a despeito de sua hemodinâmica estável. O caso foi considerado como um bloqueio subdural e a paciente recebeu suporte respiratório. Espera-se que o bloqueio subdural inicie lentamente (aproximadamente 15-20 minutos), mas, neste caso, cerca de 10 minutos após a anestesia, a paciente repentinamente perdeu a consciência. Após a recuperação da consciência e o retorno da respiração espontânea, a paciente que estava orientada e cooperativa apresentou nível de bloqueio sensorial em T4. Havia bloqueio motor em ambas as extremidades inferiores. O bloqueio sensório-motor terminou quatro horas após a injeção intratecal e a paciente recebeu alta hospitalar dois dias depois, sem complicações. Considerando o exposto, os pacientes que recebem raquianestesia devem ser atentamente observados para quaisquer complicações indesejáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Unconsciousness/etiology , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects , Cesarean Section/methods , Hemodynamics/physiology , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(4): 388-391, July-Aug. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958317

ABSTRACT

Abstract We report a case of a 72 year old hypertensive male who developed severe hypertension followed by neurological deterioration in the immediate postoperative period after transurethral resection of prostate. While arterial blood gas and laboratory tests excluded transurethral resection of prostate syndrome or any other metabolic cause, reduction of blood pressure failed to ameliorate the symptoms. A cranial CT done 4 hours after the onset of neurological symptoms revealed bilateral gangliocapsular and right thalamic infarcts. Oral aspirin was advised to prevent early recurrent stroke. Supportive treatment and mechanical ventilation ensured physiological stability and the patient recovered completely over the next few days without any residual neurological deficit.


Resumo Relatamos o caso de um paciente hipertenso, 72 anos, que desenvolveu hipertensão grave seguida de deterioração neurológica no pós-operatório imediato após ressecção transuretral de próstata. Embora os testes laboratoriais e a gasometria tenham excluído a síndrome de ressecção transuretral de próstata ou qualquer outra causa metabólica, a diminuição da pressão sanguínea não conseguiu melhorar os sintomas. Uma tomografia computadorizada craniana, realizada 4 horas após o aparecimento de sintomas neurológicos, revelou infartos gangliocapsular bilateral e talâmico à direita. AAS oral foi aconselhado para prevenir um acidente vascular cerebral recorrente precoce. O tratamento de apoio e a ventilação mecânica garantiram a estabilidade fisiológica e o paciente obteve recuperação completa durante os próximos dias, sem qualquer déficit neurológico residual.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Stroke/etiology , Transurethral Resection of Prostate/instrumentation , Perioperative Period , Hypertension/etiology , Respiration, Artificial
5.
Psicol. rev. (Belo Horizonte) ; 24(1): 40-59, jan.-abr. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020223

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que as dificuldades e impasses aos quais Freud é conduzido em sua reflexão sobre o tema da consciência no Projeto para uma psicologia científica, de 1895, longe de serem simplesmente um escolho à elaboração de uma teoria científica do funcionamento psíquico, à naturalização do psiquismo, constituem uma condição positiva para a hipótese do inconsciente. Pois, enquanto decorrem justamente da persistência de Freud no caminho de uma física dos processos psíquicos, psicofísica, essas dificuldades e impasses impulsionam a invenção de um novo modelo teórico para se pensar o psiquismo e, nesse sentido, medem o teor da novidade posta em curso pelo programa freudiano de uma psicologia científica. Ver-se-á, assim, que a descoberta do inconsciente está intimamente ligada às aspirações científicas de Freud, das quais o Projeto para uma psicologia científica nos fornece um testemunho incomparável


The purpose of this paper is to show that the difficulties and dilemmas Freud faced in his reflection on the theme of conscience in the "Project for a scientific psychology", 1895, far from being simply an obstacle to the development of a scientific theory of mental functioning or to the naturalization of the psyche, they constitute a positive condition for the hypothesis of the unconscious. Taking into account that, while arising precisely from Freud’s persistence in pursuing a physics of mental processes, psychophysics, these difficulties and dilemmas triggered the creation of a new theoretical model aiming at thinking the psyche and, in this sense, measuring the content of novelty put underway by Freud's program of a scientific psychology. Therefore, we shall see that the discovery of the unconscious is intimately linked to Freud's scientific aspirations, from which the Project provides incomparable testimony


El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que las dificultades y bloqueos a los cuales Freud es conducido en su reflexión sobre el tema de la conciencia en el Proyecto para una psicología científica, de 1985, lejos de ser éstos simplemente un obstáculo a la elaboración de una teoría científica del funcionamiento psíquico y a la naturalización del psiquismo, constituyen una condición positiva para la hipótesis del inconsciente. Ya que, en la medida en que derivan justamente de la persistencia de Freud en el camino de una física de procesos psíquicos, psicofísica, esas dificultades y bloqueos impulsan la invención de un nuevo modelo teórico para pensar el psiquismo y, en ese sentido, miden el grado de novedad puesta en marcha por el programa freudiano de una psicología científica. Se verá así, que el descubrimiento del inconsciente está íntimamente ligado a las aspiraciones científicas de Freud, de las cuales el Proyecto nos proporciona un testimonio incomparable.


Subject(s)
Science , Conscience , Perception , Psychoanalysis , Unconscious, Psychology
6.
Psicol. USP ; 29(1): 58-66, jan.-abr. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-895690

ABSTRACT

Resumo O indivíduo humano, conforme o pensamento de José Ortega y Gasset, revela-se como um eu indissoluvelmente coimplicado com a sua circunstância. A proposta deste artigo é refletir sobre a circunstância orteguiana, sobretudo em seus aspectos inconscientes, de modo a ensaiar uma aproximação dessa circunstância com a perspectiva do inconsciente de Carl Gustav Jung.


Résumé L'individu, selon la pensée de José Ortega y Gasset, se révéle d'un « Moi ¼ indissolublement co-impliqué avec sa circonstance. La proposition de cet article est de réfléchir sur la circonstance « Orteguienne ¼, en particulier dans ses aspects inconscients, afin d'essayer une approximation de cette circonstance avec la perspective de l'inconscient de Carl Gustav Jung.


Resumen El individuo humano, según el pensamiento de José Ortega y Gasset, se revela como un yo indisolublemente coimplicado con su circunstancia. La propuesta de este artículo es reflexionar sobre la circunstancia orteguiana, sobre todo en sus aspectos inconscientes, para ensayar una aproximación de esa circunstancia a la perspectiva del inconsciente de Carl Gustav Jung.


Abstract The human individual, according to the thought of José Ortega y Gasset, reveals itself as a self inextricably involved with its circumstance. The aim of this article is to reflect on Orteguian circumstance, especially its unconscious aspects, in an attempt to reach an approximation of this circumstance with Carl Gustav Jung's prospect of unconsciousness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Unconscious, Psychology , Jungian Theory
7.
Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine ; : 285-288, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-715167

ABSTRACT

The artery of Percheron is a rare anatomical variant, in which a common trunk arises from one posterior cerebral artery and then branches to supply each of the thalami and the midbrain separately. Occlusion of this artery triggers a bilateral thalamic infarction. The most commonly reported clinical findings are an altered mental status, vertical gaze palsy, and memory impairment. A 51-year-old man was transferred to the emergency department with a sudden loss of consciousness after drinking alcohol. He appeared to be sleeping deeply. His wife insisted that he had not drunk a quantity of alcohol that would render him unconscious. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an acute, bilateral, paramedian thalamic infarction. He was admitted and treated with antiplatelet agents. On the following day, four-vessel cerebral angiography revealed stenosis of the left, distal vertebral artery. Three weeks after admission, he was discharged with persistent hypersomnia, memory impairment, and behavioral changes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Alcoholic Intoxication , Arteries , Brain , Cerebral Angiography , Coma , Constriction, Pathologic , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence , Drinking , Eating , Emergency Service, Hospital , Infarction , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Memory , Mesencephalon , Paralysis , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Posterior Cerebral Artery , Spouses , Thalamus , Unconsciousness , Vertebral Artery
8.
Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology ; (12): 843-846, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-709884

ABSTRACT

Objective To compare the bispectral index ( BIS) values at loss of consciousness in-duced by etomidate and propofol given by target-controlled infusion (TCI). Methods A total of 120 Amer-ican Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ-Ⅲ patients, aged 18-64 yr, scheduled for elective ca-rotid endartrectomy under total intravenous anesthesia, were divided into R0e, R1e, R2e, R0p, R1p and R2p groups (n=20 each) using a random number table method. R1e and R1p groups received remifentanil at an target effect-site concentration (Ce) of 1 ng∕ml, and R2e and R2p groups received remifentanil at an target Ce of 2 ng∕ml. At the beginning of anesthesia induction, remifentanil was given by TCI until the pre-set effect-site concentration was achieved, and etomidate was given by TCI at an initial target plasma con-centration of 0. 6 μg∕ml followed by an increase by 0. 1 μg∕ml every minute until loss of consciousness in R0e, R1e and R2e groups, and propofol was given by TCI at an initial target plasma concentration of 2 μg∕ml followed by an increase by 0. 1 μg∕ml every minute until loss of consciousness in R0p, R1p and R2p groups. BIS values were recorded immediately after pasting the BIS electrode, when the preset Ce of remifentanil was achieved and at loss of consciousness. Results Compared with group R0p, BIS values were significantly decreased at loss of consciousness in group R0e ( P<0. 05) . Compared with group R1p, BIS values were significantly decreased at loss of consciousness in group R1e ( P<0. 05) . BIS values were significantly lower at loss of consciousness in group R2e than in group R2p ( P<0. 05) . Conclusion BIS values are significantly lower at loss of consciousness induced by TCI of etomidate than propofol.

9.
Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine ; (4): 1-6, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-713326

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Brain computed tomography (CT) is commonly performed to diagnose acute altered mental status (AMS), a critically important symptom in many serious diseases. However, negative CT results are common, which result in unnecessary CT use. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the clinical factors associated with positive CT findings. METHODS: Patients with acute AMS selected from an emergency department-based registry were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with non-traumatic and noncommunicable diseases on initial presentation and with Glasgow Comal Scale scores of < 15 were included in the study. RESULTS: Among the 367 brain CT results of patients with AMS during the study period, 146 (39.8%) were positive. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of focal neurologic deficit (odds ratio [OR], 132.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 37.8 to 464.6), C-reactive protein level < 2 mg/dL (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 10.6), and Glasgow Comal Scale score < 9 (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.8) were significantly associated with positive brain CT results. CONCLUSION: The presence of focal neurologic deficit, initial Glasgow Comal Scale score of < 9, and initial C-reactive protein levels of < 2 mg/dL can facilitate the selection of brain CT to diagnose patients with acute AMS in the emergency department.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , C-Reactive Protein , Diagnosis , Emergencies , Emergency Service, Hospital , Multivariate Analysis , Neurologic Manifestations , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Unconsciousness
10.
Rev. abordagem gestál. (Impr.) ; 23(3): 317-325, dez. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-897172

ABSTRACT

La perspectiva genética le permite a Husserl ampliar la teoría del olvido desarrollada en sus primeros trabajos sobre el tiempo, reunidos centralmente en las Lecciones de fenomenología de la conciencia interna del tiempo (1893-1917). Aquí nos proponemos analizar dos fenómenos: por un lado, la incidencia que posee la síntesis asociativa en la recuperación de representaciones inconscientes oscurecidas por obra del proceso de modificación retencional. Este tipo de olvido es propria de la subjetividad adulta y plantea la posibilidad, al menos teórica, de recordar todo lo olvidado. Por otro lado, intentaremos dar cuenta del olvido esencial que caracteriza a los primeros años de vida infantil. Nuestra propuesta, en este sentido, es que la imposibilidad de recordar se debe a la inmadurez de las estructuras trascendentales. Esto es, dado que el sujeto infantil es incapaz de constituir experiencia en sentido propio, luego, no es posible recordar lo que no ha sido percibido en sentido estricto.


The genetic perspective allows Husserl to enlarge the oblivion's theory developed in his early writes on time, gathered mainly in The Phenomenology of internal time-consciousness (1893-1917). Here we propose to analyze two phenomena: on the one hand, the influence of the associative synthesis in the recovery of unconscious representations obscured by virtue of the retentional modification process. This kind of oblivion, that characterizes the fully developed subjectivity, poses theoretically the possibility of remember all that has been forgotten. On the other hand, we try to explain the essential oblivion of the early childhood. In this sense, we suggest that the impossibility of remembering is due to the immaturity of trascendental structures. In other words, since the infant subjectivity is unable to constitute experience in a proper manner, then, is not possible to remember what has not been perceived stricto sensu.


A perspectiva genética permite Husserl ampliar a teoria do esquecimento desenvolvido em seus primeiros trabalhos sobre o tempo, reunidos de maneira central nas "Lições sobre a fenomenologia da consciência interna do tempo" (1893-1917). Aqui propomos analisar dois fenômenos: por um lado, a incidência que tem a síntese associativa na recuperação de representações inconscientes obscurecidas pelo processo de modificação retencional. Este tipo de esquecimento é próprio da subjetividade adulta e levanta a possibilidade, pelo menos teórica, de recordar todo o esquecido. Por outro lado, tentamos explicar o esquecimento essencial que caracteriza os primeiros anos de vida de uma criança. Nossa proposta a este respeito é que a incapacidade de recordar se deve à imaturidade das estruturas transcendentais. E, isso ocorre porque o sujeito infantil é incapaz de constituir a experiência no sentido próprio, então, não é possível recordar o que não foi percebido no sentido estrito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Psychological Theory , Mental Recall , Unconscious, Psychology
11.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 20(2): 263-277, abr.-jun. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-902000

ABSTRACT

A partir da experiência clínica realizada em um centro de reabilitação, o presente artigo põe em discussão a clínica psicanalítica com pacientes psicossomáticos num ambiente institucional orientado por um discurso médico-científico e pedagógico. Considera a hipótese de que tais pacientes colocam-se como objeto do saber das especialidades clínicas que não favorecem a invenção do inconsciente, o que possibilitaria a revelação do gozo específico no qual encontram-se fixados. Para tratar desse tema, o artigo lança mão da teoria lacaniana dos discursos, particularmente o universitário e o analítico.


From the clinical experience held in a rehabilitation center, this paper discusses the psychoanalytic treatment of psychosomatic patients in an institutional environment oriented by a medical-scientific and pedagogical discourse. It considers the hypothesis that such patients put themselves as the object of knowledge of clinical specialties that do not favor the invention of the unconsciousness, which would allow the revelation of the specific enjoyment that they are attached to. To address this issue, the study makes use of the Lacanian theory of the discourses, particularly the university and the analytical ones.


À partir de l'expérience clinique vécue dans un centre de réadaptation, cet article met en cause le traitement psychanalytique de patients psychosomatiques dans un environnement institutionnel guidé par un discours médico-scientifique et pédagogique. Il prend en considération l'hypothèse que ces patients sont considérés comme un objet de connaissance des spécialités cliniques qui ne favorisent pas l'invention de l'inconscient, ce qui permettrait la révélation de la jouissance particulière dans laquelle ils sont fixés. Pour discuter ce thème, cet article fait référence à la théorie lacanienne des discours, en particulier l'universitaire et l'analytique.


A partir de la experiencia clínica llevada a cabo en un centro de rehabilitación, este artículo debate sobre el tratamiento psicoanalítico de los pacientes psicosomáticos, en un entorno institucional, tratamiento orientado por un discurso médico-científico y pedagógico. Considera la hipótesis de que estos pacientes se presentan como un objeto del conocimiento de las especialidades clínicas que no favorecen la invención del inconsciente, lo que permitiría la revelación del goce específico en el que se establecen. Para abordar esta cuestión, el artículo hace uso de la teoría lacaniana del discurso, en especial: la universidad y la analítica.


Anhand der klinischen Erfahrung die in einem Rehabilitationszentrum gesammelt wurde, analysiert dieser Artikel die psychoanalytische Behandlung von psychosomatischen Patienten in einer institutionellen Umgebung, die auf einem medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen und pädagogischen Diskurs basiert. Wir vertreten die Ansicht, dass solche Patienten als Gegenstand des Wissens der klinischen Spezialitäten betrachtet werden. Diese Spezialitäten benachteiligen die Erfindung des Unbewussten, welche die Enthüllung des spezifischen Genusses erlauben würde, auf dem diese Patienten fixiert sind. Dieses Thema wird im Licht von Lacans Theorie des Diskurses erörtert, unter spezieller Berücksichtigung des akademischen und analytischen Diskurses.

12.
Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine ; : 213-217, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-71030

ABSTRACT

Top of the basilar (TOB) syndrome occurs with occlusion of the rostral portion of the basilar artery that supplies blood to the midbrain, thalamus, and temporal and occipital lobes. Symptoms associated with TOB include decreased alertness, abnormal eye movement, dysarthria, and disorders of cerebellar function. A 47-year-old man was transferred to our hospital to manage C2 vertebral fracture sustained in a traffic accident. He was alert on arrival; however, he lapsed into semicoma. He was diagnosed with TOB. Thrombolytic agents could not be administered due to a contraindication in cervical spine fracture. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed acute infarction of the pons, cerebellum, and posterior cerebral artery territory. This rare case demonstrates that C2 vertebral fracture can result in TOB.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Accidents, Traffic , Basilar Artery , Brain , Brain Stem Infarctions , Cerebellum , Dysarthria , Equipment and Supplies , Eye Movements , Fibrinolytic Agents , Infarction , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mesencephalon , Occipital Lobe , Pons , Posterior Cerebral Artery , Spinal Fractures , Spine , Thalamus , Unconsciousness
13.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 106(5): 382-388, May 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784176

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Most international studies on epidemiology of transient loss of consciousness (TLC) were performed many years ago. There are no data about the lifetime prevalence of TLC in Russia. Objective: To identify the lifetime prevalence and presumed mechanisms of TLC in an urban Russian population. Methods: 1796 individuals (540 males [30.1%] and 1256 females [69.9%]) aged 20 to 69 years (mean age 45.8 ± 11.9 years) were randomly selected and interviewed within the framework of multicentre randomised observational trial. Results: The overall prevalence of TLC in the studied population was 23.3% (418/1796), with the highest proportion (28%) seen in 40-49 year age group. TLC was significantly more common in women than in men (27.5% vs 13.5%). The mean age of patients at the time of the first event was 16 (11; 23) years, with 333 (85%) individuals experiencing the first episode of TLC under 30 years. The average time after the first episode of TLC was 27 (12; 47) years. The following mechanisms of TLC were determined using the questionnaire: neurally-mediated syncope (56.5%), arrhythmogenic onset of syncope (6.0%), nonsyncopal origin of TLC (1.4%), single episode during lifetime (2.1%). Reasons for TLC remained unidentified in 34% cases. 27 persons (6.5%) reported a family history of sudden death, mainly patients with presumably arrhythmogenic origin (24%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the overall prevalence of TLC in individuals aged 20-69 years is high. The most common cause of TLC is neurally-mediated syncope. These data about the epidemiology can help to develop cost-effective management approaches to TLC.


Resumo Fundamento: A maioria dos estudos internacionais sobre epidemiologia da perda de consciência temporária (PCT) foi realizada há muitos anos. Não há dados sobre sua prevalência ao longo da vida na Rússia. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência ao longo da vida e os supostos mecanismos da PCT em uma população russa urbana. Métodos: 1.796 indivíduos (540 homens 30,1% e 1.256 mulheres 69,9%) com idade entre 20 e 69 anos (idade média, 45,8 ± 11,9 anos) foram selecionados aleatoriamente e entrevistados no contexto de um estudo multicêntrico randomizado observacional. Resultados: A prevalência global de PCT na população estudada foi 23,3% (418/1.796), sendo a mais alta proporção (28%) observada na faixa etária de 40-49 anos. PCT foi significativamente mais comum nas mulheres (27,5% vs 13,5%). A idade média dos pacientes por ocasião do primeiro evento foi 16 (11; 23) anos, com 333 (85%) indivíduos experienciando o primeiro episódio de PCT antes dos 30 anos. O tempo médio após o primeiro episódio de PCT foi 27 (12; 47) anos. Os seguintes mecanismos de PCT foram determinados usando-se um questionário: síncope neuromediada (56,5%), síncope de origem arritmogênica (6,0%), PCT de origem não sincopal (1,4%), episódio único durante a vida (2,1%). A causa de PCT não foi identificada em 34% dos casos, sendo que 27 pacientes (6,5%) relataram história familiar de morte súbita, principalmente aqueles com PCT de suposta origem arritmogênica (24%). Conclusão: Nossos achados sugerem uma alta prevalência global de PCT em indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 69 anos. A causa mais comum de PCT é a síncope neuromediada. Esse dado sobre a epidemiologia pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de abordagem custo-efetiva para PCT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Unconsciousness/etiology , Unconsciousness/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications , Urban Population , Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Russia/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Syncope, Vasovagal/diagnosis , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Death, Sudden/etiology
14.
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association ; : 288-296, 2015.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-39321

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) are associated with altered consciousness in 75% of patients. Major controversy about PLEDs is whether they are ictal or interictal phenomenon. Diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus is often guided by response to benzodiazepine. We conducted a study to evaluate quantitative differences of EEG activity with PLEDs according to their response to acute benzodiazepine trial. METHODS: Nineteen patients with altered consciousness (stupor or coma) for whom the electroencephalography (EEG) recording with acute benzodiazepine trial was undertaken within 24 hours of onset of altered consciousness were retrospectively enrolled. Morphology of PLEDs including amplitude, frequency, and variability of the frequency was analyzed. Quantitative analysis of EEGs includes spectral power, spectral coherence, and graph theory analysis. Results of the analyses were compared between patients whose PLEDs were abolished by benzodiazepine (BDZ-R group) and those whose PLEDs persisted (BDZ-NR group). RESULTS: Morphologic variables were not different between two groups. In BDZ-R group, alpha-1 activity was increased in both frontopolar areas. Beta activity was also increased in both frontal areas while delta activity was reduced. In BDZ-R group, alpha-1 and beta activities were more coherent between bilateral hemispheres in frontal, anterior temporal, and central areas. Coherence line topographic map also revealed more bilaterally symmetric pattern in BDZ-R group. Network characteristics revealed by graph theory analysis did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Greater higher frequency activity (alpha-1 and beta) and lesser lower frequency activity (delta) in frontal areas, and more coherent activity in higher frequency band between hemispheres were associated with benzodiazepine responsiveness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Benzodiazepines , Consciousness , Diagnosis , Electroencephalography , Retrospective Studies , Status Epilepticus , Unconsciousness
15.
Rev. Subj. (Impr.) ; 14(3): 405-417, dez. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-778967

ABSTRACT

Este artigo apresenta a proposta de pensar psicanaliticamente a experiência de um suposto leitor frente a algumas narrativas de crimes de assassinatos cruéis contidas no livro Serial Killer: Louco ou Cruel? Trata-se de resultado parcial da dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, sob o título "A narrativa de crimes de assassinatos cruéis: um estudo psicanalítico", que se propôs a investigar as possíveis manifestações inconscientes que podem estar presentes durante a leitura de livros que narram crimes de assassinatos cruéis e expõem diversos casos, dos quais, para o presente artigo, foram escolhidos "O casal letal" e "Theodore Robert Bundy". Inspirando-se, essencialmente, nas ideias de André Green sobre o desligamento e em textos de Freud, lançaram-se duas hipóteses básicas, a saber: (1) a existência de um núcleo comum a esse gênero de narrativas e (2) a presença de um convite à perversão feito pelo escritor ao leitor a partir da escrita dessas narrativas. Concluiu-se que esse núcleo comum de fato existe e que está relacionado não só à "realização" de desejo, o que é quase óbvio, mas também a manifestações inconscientes, tais como a cena originária, a fantasia de espancamento e, finalmente, o complexo da mãe morta.


This article presents the proposal of thinking psychoanalytically the experience of a supposititious reader forward the reading of the book Serial Killer: Louco ou Cruel? that contains some narratives of heinous crimes of murder. This study is the partial result of master's dissertation presented to the Post-graduation program in psychology of Universidade Federal de Maringá with the title "A narrativa de crimes de assassinatos cruéis: um estudo psicanalítico", which aims to investigate the possible unconsciousness manifestations that may be present during the reading of books which tell about heinous crimes of murder and expose many cases, among which, to this article were chosen "O casal letal" and "Theodore Robert Bundy." It was essentially inspired by the André Green's studies presented in "O deslisgamento" and by Freud's texts; this study launches two basic hypotheses: (1) the existence of a common nucleus to this narrative and (2) the presence of an invitation to the perversion done by the writer to the reader from the writing of such narratives. As a conclusion, it is know that there is a common nucleus which is related not only with the wish fulfillment, which is fairly obvious, but also with the unconsciousness manifestations, such as the originary scene, the beating fantasy, and finally, the dead mother complex.


Este artículo presenta la propuesta de pensar psicoanalíticamente la experiencia de un supuesto lector frente a algunas narrativas de crímenes de asesinatos crueles del libro Serial Killer: Loco o Cruel?. Se trata del resultado parcial de la disertación de maestría presentada al programa de posgrado en Psicología de la Universidad Estadual de Maringá con el título: "La narrativa de crímenes de asesinatos crueles: un estudio psicoanalítico", que se propuso investigar las posibles manifestaciones inconscientes que pueden estar presentes en la lectura de libros que narran crímenes de asesinatos crueles y que expone diversos casos de los cuales, para el presente artículo, fueron elegidos "La pareja letal" y "Theodore Robert Bundy". Inspirándose esencialmente en las ideas de André Green sobre el distanciamiento y en textos de Freud, se lanzaron dos hipótesis básicas, a saber: (1) la existencia de un núcleo común a ese género de narrativas y (2) la presencia de una invitación a la perversión hecha del escritor al lector a partir de la escritura de esas narrativas. Se concluyó que ese núcleo común existe de hecho y que está relacionado no solamente con la "realización" del deseo, lo que es casi obvio, sino también con las manifestaciones inconscientes, tales como la escena originaria, la fantasía de paliza, y, finalmente, al complejo de la madre muerta.


Cette étude propose l'analyse psychanalytique d'un lecteur présumé de certains récits de crimes de meurtres horribles, contenue dans le livre Serial Killer: Louco ou cruel? C'est le résultat partiel de la thèse présentée au programme de post-graduation en psychologie de l'Université d' État de Maringá sous le titre A narrativa de crimes de assassinatos cruéis: une étude psychanalytique, qui a le but d'étudier les possibles manifestations inconscientes qui peuvent être présentes lors de la lecture des livres qui raccontent et exposent plusieurs cas des meurtres cruels. Pour examiner dans cet article, on a choisi deux histoires : "O casal letal" et "Theodore Robert Bundy". Pour cela on est inspiré essentiellement par les idées d'André Green à propos de la détachement et par les écrits de Freud. Ainsi, il est lancé deux hypothèses de base, à savoir: (1) l'existence d'un noyau commun à ce genre de récits et (2) la présence d'une invitation à la perversion fait par l'écrivain au lecteur à prtir de l'écriture de ces récits. Donc, on conclut que ce noyau commun existe en fait et qu'il est liée, non seulement à la « réalisation ¼ du désir, ce qui est presque évident, mais aussi aux manifestations inconscientes, comme la scène originaire, le fantasme de fessée et, enfin, le complexe de la mère morte.


Subject(s)
Psychiatry in Literature , Crime/psychology
16.
Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine ; : 617-624, 2014.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-49192

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to validate the Denver seizure score (DSS) compared with a questionnaire and scoring system for symptoms pertaining to loss of consciousness (QSLOC) in patients with loss of consciousness who visited the emergency department (ED). METHODS: This was an observational study. Patients with loss of consciousness who were admitted from January, 2011, to July, 2013 in an urban ED with approximately 30,000 annual visits were eligible. General characteristics, clinical manifestation, hemodynamic, and laboratory data were collected. DSS and QSLOC were calculated as originally described. The SPSS package with Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression was used for analysis of the data. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was used for discrimination of each score. RESULTS: Based on the historical feature, clinical manifestation, and final diagnosis, the patients were divided into 45 seizure and 52 syncope cases. In the seizure group, there were more males than females (p=0.015) and statistically significant findings were observed for serum bicarbonate (p<0.001), anion gap (p<0.001). AUCs were 0.954 and 0.998 for DSS and QSLOC, respectively. CONCLUSION: Compared to QSLOC, DSS did not show a noticeable difference in differentiating seizure disorder, and for patients who lost consciousness, it can be used in determining procedures and for prediction of both treatment method and prognosis in the emergency department.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Acid-Base Equilibrium , Area Under Curve , Consciousness , Diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Discrimination, Psychological , Emergencies , Emergency Service, Hospital , Epilepsy , Hemodynamics , Logistic Models , Observational Study , Prognosis , Surveys and Questionnaires , Retrospective Studies , ROC Curve , Seizures , Syncope , Unconsciousness
17.
Acta paul. enferm ; 26(5): 506-513, 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-697577

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: A comunicação com pacientes críticos nas unidades de cuidados intensivos gera desafios para a equipe de enfermagem e demanda habilidades específicas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo desenvolvido em duas etapas, por meio de métodos qualitativos, para caracterização e padronização da comunicaçao verbal utilizada com pacientes inconscientes. A primeira etapa consistiu de revisão sistemática e de análise de conteúdo da literatura disponível sobre comunicação e estimulação verbal em pacientes inconscientes. RESULTADOS: Os resultados da análise de conteúdo foram utilizados na segunda etapa do estudo e forneceram a base para a construção de uma mensagem padronizada de estímulo. Quatro áreas problemáticas foram identificadas: dificuldades básicas na comunicação com pacientes que não são capazes de responder, pressões do ambiente de trabalho, conhecimento limitado sobre as necessidades de pacientes insconscientes, e conhecimento detalhado limitado do porquê e de como se comunicar com pacientes insconscientes. CONCLUSÃO: A mensagem estímulo desenvolvida pode facilitar a comunicação com pacientes inconscientes.


OBJECTIVE: Communication with critically ill patients in intensive care settings generates specific challenges for nursing staff, and demands well-developed skills. METHODS: A study was conducted in two phases using qualitative methods to characterise and standardise verbal communication used with patients. The first phase consisted of a systematic search and content analysis of the literature concerning communication and verbal stimulation of unconscious patients. RESULTS: The results of the content analysis were then used in phase two and informed the development of a standardised stimulus message.There appear to be four main problem areas: basic difficulty in communicating with a patient who cannot respond; pressures of the working environment; limited knowledge about unconscious patients' needs; limited detailed knowledge of why or how to communicate with unconscious patients. CONCLUSION: The stimulus developed, has been shown to facilitate the communication with the unconscious patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Communication , Critical Care , Intensive Care Units , Nursing Care , Unconsciousness , Qualitative Research
18.
Invest. educ. enferm ; 30(3): 304-312, Sept.-Dec. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-665210

ABSTRACT

Objective. To interpret the experience of being un conscious or alert from a group of patients during the surgical act and appreciations from the members of the nursing team on the same context. Methodology. Qualitative study focusing on grounded theory.Information was collected through a) observation and b) interviewsto 20 patients, 19 nursing aides, and 8 nursing professionals whowork in level II surgical centers in Valle de Aburrá, Colombia.Results. From being aware of everything to being at the mercyof another, during el intraoperative, the patient goes through different states of conscience, which means being subjected tototal care. Instead, for the nursing personnel the same contextimplies different behavior going between two environments: theôscenarioõ ûwhen in front of the patient awake, which involves measured and diplomatic behavior; or, ôbehind the scenesõ û withthe person under the effects of anesthesia û the behavior is more free and uninhibited. Conclusion. The intraoperative surgical context is different for patients and for the nursing team. However, it is necessary to bear in mind that they are caring for a human being who requires respect, dignified treatment, and that care must be promoted under an ethical perspective.


Objetivo. Interpretar la experiencia de un grupo de pacientes con respecto al estar inconsciente o alerta durante el acto quirúrgico y las apreciaciones de los miembros del equipo de enfermería sobre el mismo contexto. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo con enfoque en la teoría fundamentada. La información se recolectó mediante a) observación y, b) entrevistas a 20 pacientes, 19 auxiliares de enfermería y 8 enfermeras, quienes laboran en centros quirúrgicos de segundo nivel del vallede Aburrá, Antioquia (Colombia). Resultados. Desde dándome cuenta de todo hasta estando a merced del otro, durante el transoperatorio, el paciente transita por diferentes estados de consciencia que le significa sujetetarse al cuidado total. En cambio, para el personal de enfermería el mismo contexto le implica un comportamiento diferente que se mueve entre dos ambientes: por una parte, el ôescenarioõ -cuando se está en frente del paciente despierto-, que involucra un comportamiento mesurado y diplomático; por otra, ôtrasbastidoresõûcon la persona bajo los efectos de la anestesia- por el contrario, el comportamiento es más libre y desinhibido. Conclusión. El contexto quirúrgico transoperatorio es diferente tanto para los pacientes como para el equipo de enfermería. Sin embargo, es necesario tener presente que están al cuidado de un ser humano que requiere respeto y un trato digno. Por consiguiente, se debe promover un cuidado bajo una perspectiva ética.


Objetivo. Interpretar a experiência de estar inconsciente ou alerta de um grupo de pacientes durante o ato cirúrgico e as apreciações dos membros da equipe de enfermaria sobre o mesmo contexto. Metodologia.Estudo qualitativo com enfoque na teoria fundamentada. A informação se coletou mediante a) observação e,b) entrevistas a 20 pacientes, 19 auxiliares de enfermaria e 8 enfermeiras que laboram em centros cirúrgicos de segundo nível do Vale de Aburrá, Colômbia. Resultados. Desde dando-me conta de tudo até estando agraça do outro, durante o transoperatório, o paciente transita por diferentes estados de consciência que lhe significa estar sujeito ao cuidado total. Em mudança, para o pessoal de enfermaria o mesmo contexto lhe implica um comportamento diferente que se move entre dois ambientes: o ôpalcoõ -quando se está em frente do paciente desperto-, que envolve um comportamento mesurado e diplomático; em mudança,ôdepois de bastidoresõûcom a pessoa sob os efeitos da anestesia- o comportamento é mais livre e desinibido.Conclusão. O contexto cirúrgico transoperatório é diferente para os pacientes e para a equipe de enfermaria. No entanto, é necessário ter presente que estão cuidando a um ser humano que requer respeito, trato digno e se deve promover um cuidado sob uma perspectiva ética.


Subject(s)
Humans , Operating Room Nursing , Unconsciousness , Patients , Surgical Procedures, Operative
19.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 29(1): 95-103, Jan.-Mar. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-623195

ABSTRACT

Como fenômeno clínico, a transferência sempre é acompanhada por seu caráter antinômico. Ela é abertura à interpretação e ao encontro com o analista, em contrapartida se apresenta também como um obstáculo, exibindo sua face de resistência. Freud se mostra atento às duas vertentes clínicas, teorizando-as em diferentes momentos, em especial quando se refere à estereotipia do inconsciente que a transferência convoca. Também ressalta sua abertura, quando a situa como condição de interpretação. Como conduzi-la, levando em conta sua contradição interna? É a partir dessas questões que abordaremos a proposição lacaniana de que a transferência demarca um fechamento do inconsciente, articulada que está a ele numa pulsação temporal.


As a clinical phenomenon, transference is always accompanied by its antinomic character. It is open to interpretation and the encounter with the analyst, however it also presents itself as an obstacle, showing its resistant side. Freud was aware of both clinical sides, theorizing on them at different moments, especially when referring to the stereotyped behavior of the unconscious which transference summons. He also stresses its openness, where he situates it as a condition of interpretation. How do we proceed with this, bearing in mind its internal contradiction? It is based on these questions that we will address the Lacanian proposition that transference delineates a closing of the unconscious, which is expressed in a heartbeat in time.


Subject(s)
Freudian Theory , Psychoanalysis , Unconscious, Psychology
20.
Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry ; : 1-8, 2012.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-725317

ABSTRACT

The mechanism of psychotherapy is explained by the recent developments in neuroscience and neuroimaging. The purpose of this study is to understand the nature of psychotherapy and to discuss the future of psychotherapy improvement with the help of advances of the neurobiological findings in psychotherapy. For this study, we investigated a wide range of materials. We searched for various researches on psychotherapy, brain, and neurobiology. In addition to the conventional psychodynamic psychotherapy, we investigated research findings on cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Moreover, based on the actual experiences of treating patients, we speculated the neurobiological mechanisms of the process and results of psychotherapy. With the development of neuroscience, we are now able to understand the personal consciousness, unconsciousness and developmental process. Also subdividing the disease is made possible. Personalized treatment has become available, and we are able to predict the prognosis of patients. Our memories are composed by implicit memory and explicit memory. By psychotherapy, we can consciously remember explicit memory, and it becomes easier to explore implicit memory through free association. Through psychotherapy, we will also be able to learn the effect of acquired environment and experience. Psychotherapy is able to correct human behaviors by modifying the memories. Through the regulation of emotions, it becomes possible to modify the memories and correct the behaviors. In this process, doctor-patient relationship is the main factor which cause positive treatment effects. Furthermore imagination therapy or unconscious, non-verbal stimuli could bring about positive treatment effects. Now psychotherapy could be explained and studied by neuroscientific researches. In this sense, we could provide the direction of future advances in neuroscience by the neurobiological understanding of psychotherapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Consciousness , Eye Movements , Free Association , Imagination , Memory , Neurobiology , Neuroimaging , Neurosciences , Prognosis , Psychotherapy , Unconscious, Psychology , Unconsciousness
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